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As a young man, Miró was drawn towards the arts community that was
gathering in Montparnasse and in 1920 moved to Paris. There, under the
influence of Surrealist poets and writers, he developed his unique
style: organic forms and flattened picture planes drawn with a sharp
line. Generally thought of as a Surrealist because of his interest in
automatism and the use of sexual symbols, Miró’s style was influenced in
varying degrees by Surrealism and Dada, yet he rejected membership to
any artistic movement in the interwar European years. Miró confessed to
creating one of his most famous works, Harlequin's Carnival, while
hallucinating due to a lack of food.
By not becoming an official member of the Surrealists, Miró was free to
experiment with any artistic style that he wished without compromising
his position within the group and being accused of not being a “true”
Surrealist. He pursued his own interests while the art world, both
within and between groups which politicked and jockeyed for prominence.
Miró’s artistic autonomy, in that he did not adhere to any one
particular style, is reflected in his work and his willingness to work
with several media.
In 1926, he collaborated with Max Ernst on designs for Sergei Diaghilev.
With Miró's help, Ernst pioneered the technique of grattage, in which he
troweled pigment onto his canvases.
Joan Miró won the 1954 Venice Biennale printmaking prize, and in 1980 he
received the Gold Medal of Fine Arts from King Juan Carlos of Spain. In
1959, André Breton asked Miró to represent Spain in The Homage to
Surrealism together with works by Enrique Tábara, Salvador Dalí, and
Eugenio Granell.
In his final decades Miró accelerated his work in different media
producing hundreds of ceramics, including the Wall of the Moon and Wall
of the Sun at the UNESCO building in Paris. He also made temporary
window paintings (on glass) for an exhibit.
In the last years of his life Miró wrote his most radical and least
known ideas, exploring the possibilities of gas sculpture and
four-dimensional painting.
Many of his pieces are exhibited today in the Fundació Joan Miró in
Montjuďc, Barcelona; he is buried nearby, at the Montjuďc cemetery.
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